feat: auth system - login/logout/session with rate limiting

edu/api/auth.php

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php
+// /api/login, /api/logout, /api/me
+
+if ($resource === 'login' && get_method() === 'POST') {
+    $body = get_json_body();
+    $username = trim($body['username'] ?? '');
+    $password = $body['password'] ?? '';
+
+    if (!$username || !$password) {
+        json_error('Benutzername und Passwort erforderlich');
+    }
+
+    // Rate limiting via session
+    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
+    $key = 'login_attempts_' . $ip;
+    $attempts = $_SESSION[$key] ?? ['count' => 0, 'first' => time()];
+    if (time() - $attempts['first'] > 60) {
+        $attempts = ['count' => 0, 'first' => time()];
+    }
+    if ($attempts['count'] >= 5) {
+        json_error('Zu viele Anmeldeversuche. Bitte eine Minute warten.', 429);
+    }
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, username, password_hash, display_name, is_admin FROM users WHERE username = :u");
+    $stmt->execute([':u' => $username]);
+    $user = $stmt->fetch();
+
+    if (!$user || !password_verify($password, $user['password_hash'])) {
+        $attempts['count']++;
+        $_SESSION[$key] = $attempts;
+        json_error('Benutzername oder Passwort falsch', 401);
+    }
+
+    session_regenerate_id(true);
+    $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
+    $_SESSION['is_admin'] = $user['is_admin'];
+    unset($_SESSION[$key]);
+
+    json_ok(['user' => [
+        'id' => $user['id'],
+        'username' => $user['username'],
+        'display_name' => $user['display_name'],
+        'is_admin' => (bool) $user['is_admin']
+    ]]);
+}
+
+if ($resource === 'logout' && get_method() === 'POST') {
+    session_destroy();
+    json_ok(['ok' => true]);
+}
+
+if ($resource === 'me' && get_method() === 'GET') {
+    $user_id = require_auth();
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, username, display_name, is_admin FROM users WHERE id = :id");
+    $stmt->execute([':id' => $user_id]);
+    $user = $stmt->fetch();
+    if (!$user) { session_destroy(); json_error('Benutzer nicht gefunden', 401); }
+    json_ok(['user' => [
+        'id' => $user['id'],
+        'username' => $user['username'],
+        'display_name' => $user['display_name'],
+        'is_admin' => (bool) $user['is_admin']
+    ]]);
+}
+
+json_error('Unbekannte Auth-Aktion', 404);

edu/js/auth.js

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Auth = {
+    handleLogin: function(e) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        var user = document.getElementById('login-user').value.trim();
+        var pass = document.getElementById('login-pass').value;
+        var errorEl = document.getElementById('login-error');
+        errorEl.style.display = 'none';
+
+        API.post('/login', { username: user, password: pass })
+            .then(function(data) { App.setUser(data.user); })
+            .catch(function(err) {
+                errorEl.textContent = err.message || 'Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen';
+                errorEl.style.display = 'block';
+            });
+    },
+
+    handleLogout: function() {
+        API.post('/logout').catch(function() {}).then(function() { App.showLogin(); });
+    }
+};